1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v3 9.6
- ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely, low attack complexity
- Vendor: Rapid Software LLC
- Equipment: Rapid SCADA
- Vulnerabilities: Path Traversal, Relative Path Traversal, Local Privilege Escalation through Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource, Open Redirect, Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Plaintext Storage of a Password, Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker reading sensitive files from the Rapid Scada server, writing files to the Rapid Scada directory (thus achieving code execution), gaining access to sensitive systems via legitimate-seeming phishing attacks, connecting to the server and perfoming attacks using the high privileges of a service, obtaining administrator passwords, learning sensitive information about the internal code of the application, or achieving remote code execution.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following versions of Rapid SCADA, an open-source industrial automation platform, are affected:
- Rapid SCADA: Version 5.8.4 and prior
3.2 Vulnerability Overview
3.2.1 IMPROPER LIMITATION OF A PATHNAME TO A RESTRICTED DIRECTORY (‘PATH TRAVERSAL’) CWE-22
By utilizing a Zip Slip vulnerability in the unpacking routine, an attacker can supply a malicious configuration file to achieve remote code execution.
CVE-2024-21852 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.2 RELATIVE PATH TRAVERSAL CWE-23
By appending path traversal characters to the filename when using a specific command, an attacker can read arbitrary files from the system.
CVE-2024-22096 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
3.2.3 LOCAL PRIVILEGE ESCALATION THROUGH INCORRECT PERMISSION ASSIGNMENT FOR CRITICAL RESOURCE CWE-732
Due to improper permissions configuration, any authenticated user on the server may write directly to the Scada directory. This may allow privilege escalation.
CVE-2024-22016 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.4 URL REDIRECTION TO UNTRUSTED SITE (‘OPEN REDIRECT’) CWE-601
The affected product may allow open redirects through the login page. This may redirect users to malicious webpages.
CVE-2024-21794 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L).
3.2.5 USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS CWE-798
The affected product uses hard-coded credentials, which may allow an attacker to connect to a specific port.
CVE-2024-21764 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.6 PLAINTEXT STORAGE OF A PASSWORD CWE-256
The affected product stores plaintext credentials in various places. This may allow an attacker with local access to see them.
CVE-2024-21869 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
3.2.7 GENERATION OF ERROR MESSAGE CONTAINING SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-209
The affected product responds back with an error message containing sensitive data if it receives a specific malformed request.
CVE-2024-21866 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.3
has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Energy, Transportation
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States
3.4 RESEARCHER
Noam Moshe of Claroty Research reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
Rapid Software did not respond to CISA’s attempts at coordination. Users of Rapid SCADA are encouraged to contact Rapid Software and keep their systems up to date.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
- Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
- Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
- Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.
5. UPDATE HISTORY
- January 11, 2024: Initial Publication
